veritasAequitas
Green Belt
It's also a common misconception that adrenaline,reduces pain responce, studies have shown that it can both marginaly increase and reduce pain response dependent on the typE of pain, the Definning factor in reduced pain response is not adrenaline but the subject being distracted, by what ever is Stressing them, not the bodies reaction to that stress, if you make make them concentrate on the pain, then the pain response is higher, not lower, Ie if it's the pain that is causing the adrenaline release then the pain response will be greater
Cite them.
adrenaline (epinephrine) or norepinephrine occupy the alpha 2 receptors in the ascending tract of the spinal cord, blocking the transmission of pain up the spinal cord to the brain
release of epi/norepinephrine also stimulates the release of enkephalins and endorphins from the adrenal gland. They are the bodies natural version of opiods. Enkephalins act at the delta receptor and endorphins at Mu1 (same receptor opioids act at to modulate pain)
note: interestingly enough the adrenaline that blocks the alpha 2 receptors comes from the brain and is not just the circulating levels. Therefore it is commonly known as descending inhibition. This inhibition can also be activated by rubbing or massaging an injury. Think about it, when you stub your tow or bang your elbow what do you instinctively do - rub or massage it.
"Spinal iontophoresis of NA or intrathecal administration of a non-selective alpha agonists inhibits stimulus induced depolarization of nociceptive neurons [34, 82] [17]. Because alpha-1 agonists such as phenylephrine are without analgesic effects, the alpha-2 receptors were concluded to mediate the antinociceptive effect of NA."