The name SJAMBOK seems to have originated as
cambuk in
Indonesia, where it was the name of a wooden rod for punishing
slaves, where it was possibly derived from the Persian
chabouk or
chabuk. When
Malayan slaves arrived in South Africa in the 1800s, the instrument and its name were imported with them, the material was changed to hide, and the name was finally incorporated into
Afrikaans, spelled as
sambok.
The instrument is also known as
imvubu(
hippopotamus in
Zulu),
kiboko(
hippopotamus in
Swahili) and as
mnigolo (
hippopotamus in
Malinké). In the
Portuguese African colonies and
Congo Free State it was called a
chicote, from the
Portuguese word for whip.
In the
Belgian Congo, the instrument was also known as
fimbo and was used to force labour from local people through flogging, sometimes to death. The official tariff for punishment in this case was lowered in time from twenty strokes to eight, then (in 1949) six, and progressively four and two, until flogging was outlawed completely in 1955. In
North Africa, particularly
Egypt, the whip was called a
kurbash, after the
Arabic for whip. The term
shaabuug is used in the
Somali language; it can also refer to a generic leather whip.