The best way I can explain rooting. Is what we do to maintain balance and stability. In general it's what we do to stay in a standing position while striking and grappling. Most people reduce it to things like "you can't push me from this spot" type thinking. But for me all of that is incorrect.
If I say. That no one can do a grappling take down on me when I'm using horsestance. The first thing that will come to people's minds is my standing in a horse stance, not moving, and looking like a dunce. But in reality rooting is not static, it's active. So the definition in the first paragraph is more accurate to what is meant by rooting.
I look at it a little differently. Rooting is
not synonymous with stability. It refers specifically to
static stability. I guess I do look at
rooting exactly as implied by metaphor of a strong, stable and deeply rooted tree. It can't be easily moved or knocked over. So yeah, pretty much the
you can't push me from this spot type thinking you mentioned above.
You see, I like to differentiate between
static and
dynamic stability.
Static stability aligns pretty well with rooting as defined above although there is a lot more to it. There are a lot of ways to augment rooting, such as sinking your center, deepening your stance, refining your static balance, working to strong and flexible, not stiff and "brittle" and adjusting your kinetic alignment, or structure and strength to flex and absorb the force you receive without getting knocked about.
Dynamic stability on the other hand is the ability to maintain your balance and position while
moving and not remaining rooted in place. If rooting is the stability or a stout old oak tree with deep, strong roots ...or a fighter in a deep horse with an powerful base, then dynamic stability is illustrated by the flowing stability of a bird in flight or a fighter stepping or even jumping as he executes a technique.
Interestingly, I find that all the martial arts I know of require a balance of both kinds of stability, sometimes within the same technique. So, in my core art of Wing Chun, for example, the stance work in our first form,
Siu Nim Tau is all about training static structure (even in an upright stance) through alignment and position, adduction of the legs, selective tension and relaxation of areas of the body and by sinking your center, etc.
Not until our second form, Chum Kiu is a measure of dynamic stability formally introduced. And traditionally, many instructors place extreme emphasis on static rooting in the first years of training. However, in practice, dynamic balance is also trained from the beginning through solo and paired drills involving steps, turns, and kicking.
Due to personal physical problems with my wobbly knees and frozen ankles, I have always struggled more with the static type of balance. But as a person who enjoyed kinetic, balance-oriented sports as a kid, things like skiing, skating, riding bikes ...even a unicycle, I have an easier time maintaining balance in motion ...the dynamic stuff. So while I may still struggle horribly to do SNT form on on leg (worse than most raw beginners) I do pretty well in "live drills" like chi-sau and sparring.
One thing that I have only come to appreciate after many years doing this stuff is that all stances, our most
static stances like
yee gee kim yeung ma (the well known pigeon-toed WC training stance or "narrow horse") is both static and dynamic at the same time.
In my particular lineage, our stance, our turning and even our stepping always employs
both principles ...so when you receive force, you do not try to pretend that you are some kind of "rooted oak tree". Instead your static, rooted stance takes on dynamic qualities that enable you to absorb, resist, and even return the force you receive. I guess there really always is that hidden yin in the yang force and vice versa.
In other words... pretty much exactly what
Jow Ga was saying above.