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It implies freedom from a state mandated religion. The separation of church and state was designed to keep the state out of religion, had nothing to do with keeping religion out of public discourse or public life in anyway.
The founders did not want government to institute any nationalized religion as had been seen throughout history. They intended for citizens to be free to exercise religion as they individually chose.
"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion" was to ensure that congress did not favor any one religion in such a way as to limit the faith of others.
But having a very public prayer, at a very public ceremony, at a public school, implies that the state supports that one religion over another, and mandates that people be there for it.
Don't get me wrong: I grew up with a minister for a father, at a time when it meant that he was meant to offer some sort of blessing or invocation at all sorts of public events: little league dinners, Boy Scout meetings, and, yes, graduations (though not from high school...)-Dad had a few non-denominational prayers for just such occasions-they didn't even mention "Jesus Christ," because it was New York, and you could count on their being non-Christians in attendance. Next time I'm at my mom's, though, I'm gonna have to dig through his stuff and have another look at them, because I'm pretty sure there weren't any that took atheists into consideration, and they all mentioned "God."
That said, the kid's right, and within his rights, and has exercised them, which isn't always easy-so he has to reap the consequences, which, to me, are proving to be far greater than his simple discomfort with a few words that should be essentially meaningless to him.