I remember when I was in Shotokan we did what was called "Three-step sparring" a lot in addition to one-step and free-sparring. It was essentially a defense against three attacks that the instructor would call out and then a counter after the third attack and defense. These were very linear in design and the counters were of the "One-Punch-Kill" variety, so it left a lot to be desired interms of reality. However, I remember them REALLY helping to develop timing, distancing and reflexes when I was first learning. In Kenpo and Kajukenbo etc. there are pre-set techniques as well as drills like those mentioned above that perform the same function as the three-step sparring did in Shotokan. All of them go a long way toward helping one not flinch when punch is thrown and help keep one's timing sharp.
I remember after I had been training in Karate for about 6 months. I was in Junior High School and a boy wanted to fight me over something I'd said (who me?). He threw two punches and I blocked them so effortlessly and reflexively and countered with a front-snap kick to his stomach so automatically that I just stood there amazed at my bad self for several seconds after the guy was on the ground. I remember just walking off like I was in a fog and even forgot my folder on the ground where I had left it. That was all from the three-step type training I had been drilled in since I didn't start free-sparring till about 3 months later.
Now, grant you this was no trained fighter I was up against, but at that moment I felt like Chuck Norris (though I probably looked more like the Karate Kid). I had stood my ground and reacted with training, rather than just run or cover up and grab on to the guy like I would have before. I haven't thought about that event in years, but this thread reminded me of the value of non-sparring drills.
Those who decide that sparring
is the art, obviously have to assign more value to it, than those with considerably more knowledge about real world fighting who are more rare. It has always been that way.
Sparring satisfies all the same visceral emotions of competitive sports which dominate the amateur physically athletic landscape. Also in the business of the arts, its an easy sell at all levels and requires less technical knowledge and skill as a teacher. The business is dominated by the young competitive minded, and tournament participation has always had a major impact on the business, so the promotion of sparring is natural and normal.
But "competition" has always been the creation of the young in any art and the primary contributors to the blurring of the lines between 'sparring and fighting.' Historically it required a "dumbing down" of the parent art to the chagrin of the elder scholars regardless of origin. Chinese Arts distillation of "wu-shu," or even Japanese "ju-do" and "Ken-do"are good examples. In America the first wide spread concept of the art was sport sparring, which spawned many of the well known "martial arts champions" of the heyday of the sport we are familiar with.
However in all fairness, the initial group of sport competitors in this country were true 'tough guys' who competed under so-called rules and circumstances, that would never be allowed today except in illegal underground fight clubs. Most brought the art with them from stints in the military services, and the bulk of their Asian Arts training consisted of brutal full contact bare bones mat-less training.
Even Kwai Sun Chow, as Parker's primary teacher, was from this school of training where mat-work, full contact techniques, and blood on your uniform were normal in everyday training. Parker understood that, and left that behind for the most part when he had to make a living everyday. "I've done that part of my study already." he would say. "Young warriors with no mortgages, insurance, and mouths to feed have nothing to lose when they can't go to work."
But sparring has evolved as the dominant competitors have gotten younger, softer, and lawyers and insurance companies weigh in on what is acceptable in tournaments and in your schools. I predicted and remember well when the helmets were introduced, as I watched competitors compete on hard wood and concrete floors without equipment. I knew it was only a matter of time before someone died. Ultimately several did in what was then, and largely still is, a completely unregulated "sport" activity.
So the amateur sparring today in local tournaments and schools resembles none of the sparring from the martial arts history of America. We now have tournaments dominated by children where everyone wins a trophy and participants have so many pads on, they can hardly move, and every neighborhood has champions and soccor trohphies, along with the moms that drop them off at "practice" and everybody of all ages are now warriors.
But the business of the arts has created a sharp division, as usual, between the technical side and the sport. The newbies consider the sport aspect to be the domain of the "tough guys," while most others are technically inept as schools eschew sparring for disfunctional "self-defense techniques." No wonder the sparring faction feels the way they do. Given a choice of the two, I'd vote for the sparring myself in today's environment of false masters with high rank and no skill or knowledge.
All things being as they should, sparring has its place, but is no longer a test of your masculinity or fitness, and has never been a test of your true mastership of the arts, acording to Ed Parker. I agree with my teacher.