They expected that whatever good things they got (or not), would come from the landowners or nobles. That got to be a way of life. The state provided what you got for working the land or being allowed to be a merchant or craftsman. If I am way off base please post to let me know.
I think that's a little off. Closer to communism than under a monarchy.
The state doesn't provide as such, it takes a portion and decides what to do with it. That's the basis of taxation. We do have slightly more choice now as to what is done, but no more on an individual level than you.
It's only relatively recently that taxation was used to 'provide' for the population.
Go back a while and unless you got support from something like the church, then if you didn't work or earn you were simply left to starve.
Excepting slavery, there hasn't been a time (to my knowledge) when your occupation was dictated by the state. You could ask permission to work someone's land and in return a portion of your produce (or income from it) was taken as tax. Or, you could work someone else's land and retain a portion of the produce for yourself, or get paid.
We've always had things like wandering tradesmen who sought short term employment wherever they could find it for instance.
As an aside, health care is a silly thing as far as I can see. What I never understood, other than as one political party's desire to look protective of their constituency (as they all do), was that we already had health care. All one had to do was go to a hospital emergency room late at night, and watch those who came in and had no money. Federal law denied them the right to turn away non-paying customers. They had to take them and treat them. Oh, and they were reimbursed for providing that care: national health care.
But does that cover ongoing care of chronic conditions or just emergency treatment?
For instance, here, for most adults dental care isn't available under the NHS (well, it is, but it's discounted rates for limited procedures, not full service type thing).
If I fall over and smash a couple of teeth I can go to an emergency dentist and get it fixed to some degree for "free" (I'll come back to that). Anything further, like dental reconstruction or cosmetic treatment, isn't covered. I have to personally pay for that, or take out dental insurance.
As to "free", it's not free, everyone contributes. Well, everyone who generally pays tax - it's (supposed to be) a separate deduction from income for that specific purpose. The idea being that a small percentage from most provides everyone with a level of care.
Of those who contribute, some never need treatment, and some get treatment that exceeds what would ever be provided were those contributions put into a personal insurance plan.
It's still basically like an insurance scheme (hence being called "national insurance") but without the individual restrictions based on premiums paid. Need more chemotherapy? Fine, have some - there's no "sorry, you've reached your insurance limit, do you have a credit card?"