At this point, I think I should mention that side issues like crime deterrency or material cost or who else does it or DNA testing are all pretty much secondary or derivative to the central issue at hand: meaning, are state-sanctioned executions a moral institution??
I will argue that they are not. I will argue that murdering another human being (hey, let's call it what it is) when it can rather easily be avoided is not moral. I will argue that punishing those who kill by, well, killing is the most contrived moral logic one could possibly resort to.
I will further argue that many, if not all, of the defenses of state executions that have been advanced on this thread have been variations of the logical fallacies known as
Appeal to Emotion and
Two Wrongs Make A Right.
I will argue even further that much of the logic underlying these defenses are forms of Other psychology or Jungian Shadow psychology. Namely, these are Ego defense mechanisms whereby one projects the "Shadow" or "Other" onto those believed to be "evil", in order to rationalize and justify their utter destruction. This is basically a dehumanizing process whereby one is conditioned to distance oneself from the Other --- often with telltale terms like "inhuman", "monster", "demon", "devil", and so forth.
The goal, of course, is not only to dehumanize the Other so as to "moralize" its destruction but to ensure the Ego is everything the Other is not (i.e., "evil"). Milgram used it in his classic experiments. As did Zimbardo during the "Stanford prison" experiment. So did the Vietcong, for that matter.
I will argue to even further degree that executions have been used by human beings for a long, long, long time --- and the origins of such institutions have little to do with "justice", "morality", or "the right thing". It has to do with vengeance, and destroying the Other --- so as to preserve the Order.
Lastly, I shall argue that bringing up such things as the material costs or the ability of capital punishment to "deter" future crimes is a manifestation of the industrial ontology (re: materialism) that Western culture has been immersed in for at least 200 years. An issue cannot have psychological or moral value in and of itself, but must ultimately be relegated to "socioeconomic" issues.
All of which, of course, I find to be very, very, very interesting.