Very mDefining martial art:
Merriam webster: any of several arts of combat and self-defense (such as karate and judo) that are widely practiced as sport
Cambridge: a
sport that is a
traditional Japanese or
Chinese form of
fighting or
defending yourself
Britannica: any of various fighting
sports or skills, mainly of East Asian origin, such as
kung fu (Pinyin
gongfu),
judo,
karate, and
kendō.
Wiki: codified systems and traditions of
combat
Oxford reference: a broad term that covers a variety of schools and forms whose unity derives only from their origins in the arts of war and single combat. Thus, it covers the ‘empty-hand’ fighting style of karate as well as forms that concentrate on the use of various weapons, from swords and bows and arrows to farming implements such as sickles and threshers.
What do they have in common?--if it involves fighting, it's a martial art.
Mitigation, descalation, and avoidance, are not martial arts skills. They are just taught together depending on where you learn.