Several ways. Goggles or other face protection. Oranges on the eye. Personally, my preference is simply SLOWLY. You can practice a lot of things if you're moving slowly, and seldom have trouble speeding up in the moment.How does one "actively train" to gouge out someone's eyes or stick their fingers into someone's orifice?
For styles where it's a technique -- yep, they do it. And at targets, too. Personally, not a tactic I would be likely to use; usually not enough saliva in the heat of the moment to be able to do something meaningful. And, yeah, in scenario training... it's done.Also are you guys actually simulating spitting on each other during practice? No offence, but that's pretty disturbing (and disgusting).
In all seriousness, do you honestly believe a MMA practitioner wouldn't have the intelligence to modify their style for a self defense situation? It really doesn't take much brain power to bite someone, poke them in the eye, spit on someone, or pull their hair. I see kids do that to each other all the time.
Here's the deal. Neither is better. Each has it's own strength -- but you won't be likely to do something under andrenal stress unless you've practiced it beforehand, unless it's a very primal response. And sport oriented training, whether MMA or traditional karate competition, has a very high likelihood of ingraining some bad habits that may or may not be shed under pressure. A personal example: One of the first times I had to hit someone professionally as a cop, I delivered a beautiful series of punches, with wonderful control. Pushed the assailant back into a wall, he couldn't do anything... But I wasn't hurting him. Fortunately -- it was a role player in a training scenario. And I learned the lesson. Want a worse one? There was a cop who really got into gun disarms. He practiced them time & time again, and got incredibly good at them. One day, he's minding his own business, and a guy goes to stick him up. Oh, boy! I finally get to use my disarm, he thinks. And does. Then, just like he'd done thousands of time in practice, he handed the gun back to the guy who pointed it at him. OH ****! Fortunately, he repeated the disarm on the shocked robber, and kept the gun the second time. The point? You'll fight the way you practice.
I'm not saying that every person who trains in MMA will play by ring rules on the street -- but there are elements of MMA training that are not ideal for the street. And there are elements of TMA that aren't, either. But the "TMA sucks/MMA rules" or "MMA sucks/TMA rules" approach is just wrong. Hell, mixed or multiple martial arts training has been around from the start of martial arts here in the US! Even longer, look up bartitsu. Funakoshi talks about traveling to train with different teachers at different points in Okinawa before he went to Japan.