Training a technique to inflict enough trauma/injury to neutralize an opponent is the force dynamic in a self defense situation, for it prevents yourself from being injured by your opponent. The restraint, both in intent and application severity comes second in the training process. Knowing how to throw an opponent so they land on their back or head can change the severity of the injury, but being able to throw a resisting opponent is where the force spectrum training starts, not ends.
The Aikido instructors I've trained with never trained us on how to apply any of the techniques with resistance, this is mostly universal with Aikido. Most of the Aikidoka I've met were very confident in their ability to apply these techniques in a live situation. I've seen these same Aikidoka accept challenges where an opponent resisted them, they weren't able to execute the techniques that they've trained countless times, for the resistance factor changed the entire dynamic. Developing "fight IQ" in martial arts is crucial, it teaches you how to adapt to your opponent and their abilities. However, this will never develop without sparring or live drills, can't learn problem-solving if you never encounter a problem(resistance).