Based on that definition, then pretty much all arts are "traditional" in that aomeone more experienced teaches, coaches, or trains those with less experience. I could make up my own art, the minute I start training others in that art...I'm a traditionalist!
Perhaps that's half the problem, we don't jhave a good definition of whart we're talking aboyut...but everyone seems to know it. karate, TKD, Aikido, Kung fu, tai chi, etc are generally seen as traditional arts. MMA, Boxing, BJJ, RBSD, Krav Maga, Wrestling, Muay Thai are generally seen more in the non-traditional light...evne though the distinctions are not at all clear...and all those arts are ones that are taught and Passed on from teacher to student.
Using a sport vs non-sporting distinction doesn't help either.
effetcive vs non-effective? that's a can of worms...and much of what makes a given art effective is based on the individual who terains in and applies the art.
Modern/living vs. Antique/prservationist. There may be some limited utility in this distinction. Some arts are living, active arts. They are practiced to meet the needs of modern issues. be they for self- defense, health, etc. Other arts are more akin to museum pieces...they were effective arts but are generally no longer pradtical for day to day modern use...the practice of such arts serves the individual but htese tend not to "evolve" as much becuase the goal is to preserve what was done in the past so it is not lost. I'm thinking of many weapons based arts (iado, various kobudo, fencing, etc). but other hand to hand arts meet this criteria i feel.
i think the difference here becomes does the art evolve to meet modern realities or does it resist change to preserve the past? Neither way of doing things is wrong...unless the individual training in one art is looking to do the opposite.
Peace,
Erik