The problem is that all of your arguments, if we assume they are valid, are essentially utilitarian in nature...I am approaching this more so from a moral and ethical perspective, not an utilitarian one. I assume that taking the life of another human being is wrong ..Laterz.
Heretic, I'd like to follow this point up, because I think it might turn out to be very relevant to the argument here. You're making a categorical distinction between ethical and utilitarian kinds of arguments here. OK, let's see if that distinction is really supportable in the limit. There's a point that Tulisan raises which I'd like to see your response to:
Tulisan said:
The fact of the matter is, there are very few people out there who don't believe that killing is O.K. under the right circumstance. There are very few true pacifists out there; a stance that could be argued to be immoral in and of itself. There are many people, for example, who would take a life to save a spouse or a child, or in self-defense.
Lemme elaborate a scenario based on Paul's observation here which I think you need to answer to preserve the kind of distinction between `utilitarian' and `moral/ethical' you raise. Here it is: an individual breaks into a house and threatens the life of one of the children who lives there. The threat is credible, the means are at hand and the invader shows absolutely no signs of being swayed or open to negotiations or anything else. Agreed? One of the parents, under some pretext or other, passes next to a knife block that the invader is clearly unable to see, removes a 9" filleting knife and, concealing it, get close enough to the invader to slam the knife through the assailant's carotid artery to the hilt, with every intention of killing him (something virtually guaranteed by such a strike).
Now, was the parent
wrong to do that?
You're saying that the taking of a life is inherently wrong. Therefore the parent was wrong to do it. Not acting would have led almost certainly to the death of the child; thus inaction would also yield a death, the death of one of the parents' children. So in that context,
was that killing wrong,, on balance?
I'm going to assume you would agree that the parent was not wrong to do what s/he did, under the circumstancesĀnot because I assume that that's what you actually believe, but because if you do think the parent was wrong, I foresee a very
long justification being necessary! Let's just look at the simpler case, where we agree the parent acted rightly.
If the parent was justified in doing what s/he did, how then does that make the execution of Saddam inherently `wrong', simply because a life was taken there too? It seems to me that the only line of reasoning here is, `well, look at the difference in the two situations'. And as soon as you get to that kind of reasoning, you've got a utilitarian,
not a moral/ethical argument going. If the parent was justified in killing the attacker, the justification can only be because of the desirability of the ends served by the killing. And now you're not arguing about a qualitative difference, but a quantitative difference: the net good of the parent killing the attacker is great enough that it outweighs the net wrongness of the killing, whereas the net good of executing Saddam Hussein, or Amon Goth (the commandant of Auschwitz), or... ...does not outweigh the wrongness of the killing. You are saying, in fact, that there
can be a good outcome from killing another human being which outweighs the intrinsic badness of killing another human being, only we don't have that good an outcome in the case of Saddam and Co.Āand now, in effect, as the punchline to the old joke has it, we're just arguing about the
price.
Have I gone astray here in some reasoning step? Very possibly, and I'd be interested to have it pointed out to me, since the issue is one which is I think at the core of this question about whether Saddam should have been executed.... and actually has a more general kind of interest beyond the specific case of any given act of killing.