Kenpo for me. We use your pretty standard vinyl, foam, or cloth shin and foot guards, really depends on what the person can afford, but there's a strict rule on 16oz gloves as it can get a little rough sometimes. Knee- and elbow- pads if you want to use knees and elbows. Headgear is optional, but it's either both people with or both people without to avoid a nose/face-cage incident. (The school orders and sells helmets to us at cost, they're, um..."dipped foam", maybe? I think so. Anyways, with face-cages because Ralph got tired of cleaning blood out of the mats. ::grin:: )
Contact is light for beginners, and after that you work it up to where you're comfortable (always controlled, though, or you lose sparring privileges). Hard-contact to the body, about half-power to the head. I've been hit hard enough to ring my bell a couple times, and there's the odd bloody nose/puffy eye, but nothing ever too serious. The instructors go harder with each other but that's only to be expected. I guess it's just enough to get you used to being hit but not enough to actually hurt you.