Instructor certification

[Balrog]

Sounds like a thorough system. An off topic question: I was curious; what does the black collar represent? In KKW, yudanja can wear a uniform with a black collar, but it doesn't represent a separate grade or certification.

We use the uniform collars to differentiate the progress through the certification system. The solid black collar is a certified instructor, and only certified instructors have promotional authority and can own schools. A trainee instructor can be in charge of a club, but they are teaching under the guidance of a certified instructor ("on his collar" is the term we use) until they certify in their own right.