As far as cartilage...
Most of cartilage is what’s known as an extra-cellular matrix. The cells make hyaline, elastin, etc. and basically spit it out to form cartilage. Inside the matrix, you have very few cells sitting inside holes (called lacunae). So other than a few cells, cartilage isn’t actual living tissue. I guess you could say it’s like hair or nails - stuff made by cells. Because it’s not made of cells, it can’t repair itself when torn. The cells inside the cartilage have no way of knowing the cartilage is torn.