Thimerosal has been used in vaccines since the 1930s, and internal company documents indicate that the pharmaceutical industry was always aware of the chemical’s potential danger.5 The Eli Lilly Company, which first developed and manufactured thimerosal and owned the patent, knew from the start that thimerosal was unsafe—its testing consisted of administering the serum to 22 terminal meningitis patients, all of whom died within weeks of being injected—a fact not reported in Lilly’s study. For decades, Lilly portrayed this incident as proof of thimerosal’s safety.6
As early as July 1935, Lilly was warned by the Director of Biological Laboratories at the
Pitman-Moore Company that Lilly’s claims about thimerosal’s safety “did not check with ours.” Pitman warned that half the dogs it had injected with thimerosal-containing vaccines becamesick and concluded, “[T]himerosal is unsatisfactory as a serum intended for use on dogs.”7
When thimerosal was used by the army in the 1940s and 1950s (in vaccines), Lilly was required by the Defense Department to label the preservative “Poison.”8 It was well established by the 1940s in peer-reviewed scientific and medical literature that injecting thimerosal into sensitive individuals could cause serious injury.9
In May of 1967, a study published in Applied Microbiology found that Lilly’s thimerosal killed
mice when it was added to injectable vaccines.10 Four years later, in 1971, Lilly’s own tests found that thimerosal was “toxic to tissue cells” in concentrations of less than 1 in 1,000,000.11 Typical vaccine concentrations are 1 in 10,000, one hundred times the levels that Lilly knew to be dangerous. Yet Lilly continued to promote thimerosal in vaccines as “non-toxic when injected.”12
When on April 27, 1976, Rexall, which sold thimerosal under license from Lilly, asked Lilly’s permission to add a toxicity warning to thimerosal labels, Lilly ordered Rexall not to add thewarning and purposely misstated the potential hazards of a product it knew to be toxic: “the mercury in the product is organically bound ethyl mercury and has a completely non-toxic nature.”
The first known cases of autism were diagnosed in 1943 in children born in the first months after Eli Lilly began adding mercury to baby vaccines in 1931. Leo Kanner, who first described and named the disease based upon his encounters with 11 autistic children, was one of the fathers of American psychiatry. He described the disease as “a behavior pattern not known to me or anyone else heretofore.”13
In 1982, the FDA proposed a ban on over-the-counter products that contained thimerosal (like mercurochrome and merthiolate) because of the chemicals’ demonstrated toxicity to animal fetuses and humans.14 (The ban did not go into effect until October 19, 1998.)15
In 1977, five years earlier, topical thimerosal killed 10 babies at a Toronto hospital when it was dabbed ontheir umbilical cords as a disinfectant.16 In 1991, thimerosal was banned for use in injections for animals.17 By then, the peer-reviewed studies demonstrating thimerosal’s devastating toxicity to children, adults and animals could have filled a small library.18
Astonishingly, that same year, America’s public health authorities, in consultation with the pharmaceutical companies,mandated that infants be injected with a series of thimerosal-laced vaccines beginning on the day of birth.19