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Alcohol has been used as an antiseptic since ancient times. However, the first systematic in vitro studies of the germicidal activity of ethyl alcohol against pure cultures of bacteria were performed by Koch in the early 1880s.1 In the 1890s and early 1900s, alcohol was proposed for use as a skin antiseptic.1 Early investigators discovered that alcohols must be diluted with water for maximal antimicrobial activity and that preparations containing 50% to 70% alcohol were more effective than 95% alcohol.1,2 In 1922, studies in Germany demonstrated the efficacy of an isopropyl alcohol hand rub in reducing bacterial counts on contaminated hands.3 In 1935, isopropyl alcohol was added to the American Medical Association Council on Pharmacy and Chemistrys list of new and nonofficial remedies, and disinfection of the skin was listed as one of its recommended uses.4 Using more quantitative methods, Price showed in the late 1930s that 65.5% alcohol was effective in reducing the number of bacteria on the skin.1 He subsequently recommended the use of a 3-minute wash with 70% alcohol as a preoperative hand scrub and that 70% alcohol should be used for disinfecting contaminated hands 1
The bactericidal activity of alcohols is most likely due to their ability to denature proteins.22 Alcohols are effective against most vegetative gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. A few studies suggest that alcohol-containing products may have greater activity than antiseptic detergents against multidrug-resistant pathogens such as vancomycin-resistant enterococci and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, but additional evidence on this issue is needed.23-25 Alcohols have excellent activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but are not active against bacterial spores. They do have activity against many fungi and a variety of viruses, including hepatitis B, human immuno-deficiency virus, enteroviruses, adenovirus, rotaviruses, and herpes simplex virus.22 Ethyl alcohol is more active than isopropyl alcohol against many viruses, except those with a lipid envelope
Originally posted by chufeng
Yiliquan1,
Striking with the knuckles (especially in a gradually increasing way) is not the same as iron palm training...the shock generated in an iron palm strike is like a wave of energy...much of that energy is dissipated in the substance you strike (that's why we don't slap solid objects) and some of it reenters your striking hand, wrist, elbow, shoulder, etc...that's why we move up to it gradually...your hitting the wall is nothing more than callous building, completely different type of training.
We can talk more about this on Saturday...
:asian:
chufeng
Originally posted by Yiliquan1
Something that I always wondered about was why karateka never seem overly concerned with using medicinal preparations after smacking the hell out of a makiwara, and CMAists are big on the whole dit da jow thing...
I admit that the jow we use in Yiliquan will fix up damn near any hurtin' you have going on (used it in basic training on my feet before and after our first 12 mile road march - the next day, I was the only one capable of moving about with anything resembling briskness! Everyone else was near incapacitated!), and our iron palm training is impressive in its effects, but...
I spent the last three years backfisting and punching the concrete walls in the office building I worked in. I managed to rack up around 300 - 500 strikes a day walking back and forth (I could get 50 in walking one way down the hall, and another 50 returning to my office, so with just a few trips I was really making progress!).
I started gradually, nothing more than a strong knock. By the end of the three years, I was smacking it pretty firmly! While I know that striking an immobile object is actually somewhat detrimental, at the same time my purpose was to simply "temper" my striking surfaces.
I didn't really use jow much at all, and never had any ill effects. While my main two striking knuckles are very slightly enlarged, my hands look just fine.
I still want to do regular iron palm training, though...
Gambarimasu.
:asian:
Originally posted by chufeng
Ken,
The argument about putting 95% alcohol on your skin and having it evaporate may explain ONE of the reasons that high concentration alcohol is ineffective...but, that concentration DOES denature proteins...do you think it differentiates human from non human?...the corneal layers of the epidermis are denatured, therefore the alcohol never reaches the deeper layers of the skin...hence, it is a lousy antimicrobial for decontaminating the skin...
The fact is, many things dissolve in alcohol (bacause they are lipid based) and are then made available to the tissues...
Drinking high concentration grain alcohol isn't very bright...nor is putting it on your scrotum...
Most folks who use "everclear" mix it in something...they don't do shots (at least, not for very long)
Thanks for your feedback...
:asian:
chufeng
PS, I don't want this thread to turn into "Who's the best chemist," so, I've had my say, if you want to respond, fine...but let's keep this thread on target.
Originally posted by yilisifu
The jow doesn't do much for pain at all. The recommended practice is to use it before and after practice.
Measuring pain to indicate when one should slow down or stop the training temporarily is not a good method. Damage can be done without pain being very severe at all. Sometimes, you feel fine until you do the technique wrong and then you end up with a semi-permanent injury. So please don't use pain as a barometer of when you should slow down.
Karateists DID used to use medicines like this. They are actually old Chinese recipes. Sadly, that practice has not been continued into the modern era for the most part - but old Okinawan writings speak of it. Some even have the actual recipes.