Being a relative newbie, I can't speak to the politics or from years of experience, but I do know that one of the leaders in my style, Sensei George Mattson was just recently promoted to 10th Dan (last Saturday, in fact).
In this case, it was an honor conveyed upon him by the organization he founded (IUKF-International Uechi Karate Federation) and his numerous past students. Sensei Mattson has taught Uechi Ryu for over 50 years and is recognized as a the first American taught Uechi-Ryu in Okinawa and the first to bring this style to America. While I understand this title was given as an honor, he did perform the Seisan kata for all in attendence at his summer camp, just prior to being awarded this title.
As I understand it Uechi has two ranks that run concurrently from sixth degree onward. Master titles are honorific titles awarded for contributions to the art and follow: Renshi, Kyoshi, Hanshi, and Hanshi Sei. Dan Ranks are based on demonstrated skill and flow from Godan (fifth) to Rokudan, Nanadan, Hachidan, Kudan, and Judan. We do not have a rank after this.
Obviously, when you get to the last few Dan ranks, there is a bit of overlap. I do not think you can seek to "test" for any ranks after Godan, and must be invited to "test".
Perhaps it is my ignorance, but it appears this ranking was given out of respect, and not to build or pad a resume. In all my interactions with Sensei Mattson, he has been a humble, freindly, and honorable man. I think the fact that I am a relative newbie (just under 3 years), live several states away, and have had interactions with the man say volumes as well (I readily admit I moderate one of the forums on his website, as a disclaimer). I have, though, been impressed with his humble freindliness and longevity in the art. I do not think he is perfect, but he has certainly made significant contributions to the art's growth and existence. Is this not what master and dan ranks should be?
I realize that master/dan ranks are not equal across all styles or even all schools. But I think it does those teachers who have earned their titles a great disservice to immediately assume most higher ranks are "gimme's". Why not let the person show thier worth before you assume..both in how they carry themselves and also in how they perform?
Humbly offered and posted,