In everyday English (certainly British) usage no one 'submits' to chemo, one has it or is treated with it. No one would think of using the word in that sense. The same with 'submitting' to a superior judgement, the expression is 'I bow to your superior judgement' there is no submission involved, it's an acknowledgement albeit usually a sarcastic one.
You can certainly take on faith that someone knows more than you etc but that's still not submitting to them as understood by users of English these days. One does exactly what you have said, one accepts on faith.
When the word submit is used in martial arts there's a couple of reasons for it, obviously in the sense of 'tapping out', you can submit essays for gradings but the sense of submitting to an instructor has overtones that should be worrying, you can do as they advise ( on the basis they have more experience) you can bow to show respect but should you be submitting in such a way that you are giving emotion and physical power over you? This has cult like overtones, those martial arts places where they demand obedience and reverence, where you aren't allow to train anywhere else, mustn't ask questions etc. There they expect you to submit rather than follow their advice.
You can certainly take on faith that someone knows more than you etc but that's still not submitting to them as understood by users of English these days. One does exactly what you have said, one accepts on faith.
When the word submit is used in martial arts there's a couple of reasons for it, obviously in the sense of 'tapping out', you can submit essays for gradings but the sense of submitting to an instructor has overtones that should be worrying, you can do as they advise ( on the basis they have more experience) you can bow to show respect but should you be submitting in such a way that you are giving emotion and physical power over you? This has cult like overtones, those martial arts places where they demand obedience and reverence, where you aren't allow to train anywhere else, mustn't ask questions etc. There they expect you to submit rather than follow their advice.