grumpywolfman
Black Belt
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[h=2]Historicity[/h]The historical existence of Sodom and Gomorrah is still in dispute by archaeologists, as little archaeological evidence has ever been found in the regions where they were supposedly situated.[SUP][citation needed][/SUP] The Bible indicates they were located near the Dead Sea (Genesis 14:1-3, 14:8-10, 34:3).
Strabo states that locals living near Moasada (as opposed to Masada) say that "there were once thirteen inhabited cities in that region of which Sodom was the metropolis". Strabo identifies a limestone and salt hill at the south western tip of the Dead Sea, and Kharbet Usdum ruins nearby as the site of biblical Sodom.[SUP][8][/SUP]
Archibald Sayce translated an Akkadian poem describing cities that were destroyed in a rain of fire, written from the view of a person who escaped the destruction; the names of the cities are not given.[SUP][9][/SUP] However, Sayce later mentions that the story more closely resembles the doom of Sennacherib's host.[SUP][10][/SUP]
In 1976 Giovanni Pettinato claimed that a cuneiform tablet that had been found in the newly discovered library at Ebla contained the names of all five of the cities of the plain (Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboim, and Bela), listed in the same order as in Genesis. The names si-da-mu [TM.76.G.524] and ì-ma-ar [TM.75.G.1570 and TM.75.G.2233] were identified as representing Sodom and Gomorrah, which gained some acceptance at the time.[SUP][11][/SUP] However, Alfonso Archi states that, judging from the surrounding city names in the cuneiform list, si-da-mu lies in northern Syria and not near the Dead Sea, and ì-ma-ar is a variant of ì-mar, known to represent Emar, an ancient city located near Ebla.[SUP][12][/SUP] William Shea points out in 1983 that on the 'Eblaite Geographical Atlas' [TM.75.G.2231], ad-mu-ut and sa-dam are good readings by Pettinato and correspond to Admah and Sodom, and they are contained in a list of cities that traces a route along the shores of, or quite possibly within the Dead Sea, whose position may have since shifted along its fault.[SUP][13][/SUP] Today, the scientific consensus is reported as being that "Ebla has no bearing on ... Sodom and Gomorra."[SUP][14][/SUP]
If the cities actually existed, they might have been destroyed as the result of a natural cataclysm. Geologists confirmed that no volcanic activity occurred within 4,000 years.[SUP][citation needed][/SUP] Others claim that Dead Sea was devastated by an earthquake between 1900 and 2100 B.C.E., which could have unleashed showers of steaming tar.[SUP][15][/SUP] It is possible that the towns were destroyed by an earthquake in the region, especially if the towns lay along a major fault, the Jordan Rift Valley. However, there is a lack of contemporary accounts of seismic activity within the necessary timeframe to corroborate this theory.[SUP][16][/SUP]
Possible candidates for Sodom or Gomorrah are the sites discovered or visited by Walter E. Rast and R. Thomas Schaub in 1973, including Bab edh-Dhra, which was originally excavated in 1965 by archaeologist Paul Lapp, only to have his work continued by Rast and Schaub following his death by accidental drowning in the waters off of Cyprus in 1970. Other possibilities also include Numeira, es-Safi, Feifeh and Khanazir, which were also visited by Schaub and Rast. All sites were located near the Dead Sea, with evidence of burning and traces of sulfur.[SUP][17][/SUP][SUP][18][/SUP] Archaeological remains excavated from Bab edh-Dhra are currently displayed in Karak Archaeological Museum (Karak Castle) and Amman Citadel Museum.
Another possible candidate for Sodom is the Tall el-Hammam dig site which began in 2006 under the direction of Steven Collins. Tall el-Hammam is located in the southern Jordan river valley approximately 14 kilometers Northeast of the Dead Sea, and seemingly fitting the Bible descriptions of the lands of Sodom. The ongoing dig is a result of joint cooperation between Trinity South Western University and the Department of Antiquities of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.[SUP][19][/SUP] The site is 36 hectares, while the footprint size of general settlement extends beyond this—well over 40 hectares. This size puts Tall el-Hammam as one of the largest Bronze sites that has been discovered in Jordan. Analysis of the findings indicates that the site was occupied from the Chalcolithic period on up the Iron Age (however there may likely be period gaps as well, along with evidences of glazed artifacts—such as pottery and rocks, and destruction). In addition there is evidence of Hellenistic, Eastern Roman, and Byzantine occupation on the site.[SUP][20][/SUP]
The Jewish historian Josephus identifies the Dead Sea in geographic proximity to the ancient biblical city of Sodom. However, he refers to the lake by its Greek name, Asphaltites.[SUP][21][/SUP]
Using an ancient Sumerian planesphere and modern astronomical software, Alan Bond and Mark Hempsell demonstrated that the Köfels landslide could have been created by a low-angle meteor impact, the back plume of which would have rained fire and heated rocks over the Mediterranean Sea, re-entering the atmosphere over the Levant, Sinai, and Northern Egypt.[SUP][22][/SUP] A match for the sky as depicted on the planesphere would give a date of destruction for what they say is the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah at 4:30am on June 29, 3123 BC.[SUP][23][/SUP][SUP][24][/SUP][SUP][25][/SUP]
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It's entirely likely that the places that history has come to call "Sodom and Gomorrah" actually existed, and were destroyed in some sort of massive disaster-there are several candidates for sites, as well as disasters. In the end, though, if worship of the Roman gods had continued to overtly be the dominant religion of Europe, we might well be discussing how Jupiter (or Venus, both of whom were associated with Vesuvius) destroyed Pompeii and Herculaneum for their wickidness...
They were pretty wicked in Herculaneum.
It's entirely likely that the places that history has come to call "Sodom and Gomorrah" actually existed, and were destroyed in some sort of massive disaster-there are several candidates for sites, as well as disasters. In the end, though, if worship of the Roman gods had continued to overtly be the dominant religion of Europe, we might well be discussing how Jupiter (or Venus, both of whom were associated with Vesuvius) destroyed Pompeii and Herculaneum for their wickidness...
Generally speaking, perhaps-but no more so than some other archaeologically likely sites.What makes these sites so convincing is the fact that they are indeed located where the Bible states.
Brimstone, translates as "burn stone," or, sulfur, which, for all of human history has been found in nearly pure concentrations of its elemental form at volcanic sites-hence the name......on what, then, is the "98% pure compared to the 40% concentration that would be found from volcanic activity" based, especially since it's wrong??? Try harder.The brimstone (encased sulfur) found at the sites are 98% pure compared to the 40% concentration that would be found from volcanic activity! .
The brimstone (encased sulfur) found at the sites are 98% pure compared to the 40% concentration that would be found from volcanic activity!
Peer review, please?
Sorry, but I'm still in class, and only have the phone, but this post demonstrates a profound ignorance of geology....The brimstone has been tested at Galbraith Laboratories, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA, and independently by Ross Patterson in New Zealand. Sulfur is usually found in crystalline form, but this sulfur is unique to the world as it is round, white and has the consistency of compact powder. Sulfur is ordinarily 30-40% sulfur, whereas these sulfur balls are 95-98% pure sulfur. The impurities in the sulfur are metals that would add to the heat given off; they burn at 5000-6000 degrees Fahrenheit.
The brimstone has been tested at Galbraith Laboratories, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA, and independently by Ross Patterson in New Zealand.
There are several natural allotropes of sulfur-even the powdery form you speak of, though, would be crystalline in structure, under mere microscopic examination, never mind gas chromatography or spectroscopy.. Sulfur is usually found in crystalline form, but this sulfur is unique to the world as it is round, white and has the consistency of compact powder.
Crap, and double crap. :lfao: Virtually pure elemental sulfur has been found in a variety of places-especially volcanic-throughout human history..Sulfur is ordinarily 30-40% sulfur, whereas these sulfur balls are 95-98% pure sulfur.
Triple crap, and try harder-most metals "burn" as in oxidize and make flame-at temperatures between 2500F (iron) and 3500F (zirconium) sulfur also naturally bonds with a variety of metals: mercury and lead come to mind, but I was thinking of iron, in your case. Iron and sulfur make iron pyrite, a lustrous yellow metal known as Fool's Gold, which is, after all, all that you've posted....:lfao:. The impurities in the sulfur are metals that would add to the heat given off; they burn at 5000-6000 degrees Fahrenheit.
Galbraith Laboratories, Inc. is a contract analytical testing laboratory with over 59 years experience in the global marketplace.
Anyone here will tell you, elder999 is a PhD physicist, with over 30 years experience himself.and, while geology isn't my field, it is a matter of more than passing interest...in any case,I looked up the lab, and they're legit, but sulfur's....well....sulfur, dude......we've known about it forever, and we've learned an awful lot about it since then.....like, it's always crystlalline-even in "powdery form hitherto unseen by the eyes of man and clearly touched by the Hand of God..." ....:lol:...oh, and your information about metals is all wrong. Sulfur bonds with mercury-mercury has a burning temperature of 850F.....it bonds with lead, which burns at about 950F......it bonds with iron,.....all of those medals burn pretty well in an igneous volcano-if it'll melt basalt, it'll burn most metals. (and, before I was a physicist, many people here can tell you, I worked with metal..)....sulfur is found in a virtually pure (your never before seen clearly touched by the hand of God 98% ) EVERYWHERE ON THE PLANET. Your information is simply wrong-a ponderous puerile pusillanimous parade of pretentions parading pseudo prophecy in other words...PUKE :barf:elder999,
Galbraith Laboratories, Inc. is a contract analytical testing laboratory with over 59 years experience in the global marketplace. Please click here for their contact information ~ Thank you
Anyone here will tell you, elder999 is a PhD physicist, with over 30 years experience himself.and, while geology isn't my field, it is a matter of more than passing interest...in any case,I looked up the lab, and they're legit, but sulfur's....well....sulfur, dude......we've known about it forever, and we've learned an awful lot about it since then.....like, it's always crystlalline-even in "powdery form hitherto unseen by the eyes of man and clearly touched by the Hand of God..." ....:lol:...oh, and your information about metals is all wrong. Sulfur bonds with mercury-mercury has a burning temperature of 850F.....it bonds with lead, which burns at about 950F......it bonds with iron,.....all of those medals burn pretty well in an igneous volcano-if it'll melt basalt, it'll burn most metals. (and, before I was a physicist, many people here can tell you, I worked with metal..)....sulfur is found in a virtually pure (your never before seen clearly touched by the hand of God 98% ) EVERYWHERE ON THE PLANET. Your information is simply wrong-a ponderous puerile pusillanimous parade of pretentions parading pseudo prophecy in other words...PUKE :barf:
Oh sure pull the PhD physicist on us