I can’t speak for other TMAs (a completely superficial term) but in karate there was no specific integration of philosophy or life lessons, as part of karate until after WWII.
Karate does not have any sort of religious or philosophical elements baked into it.
Religious elements, no, I agree (with a slight exception or two). However, there are numerous philosophical, cultural, ethical and spiritual elements which strongly influenced TMA during its development
prior to WWII.
I'll start with one of the exceptions I mentioned (dates approx.):
700AD. It's generally agreed that TMA more or less began at the Shaolin TEMPLE and practiced by Buddhist MONKS. No doubt that this influenced their MA and much of kung fu (at least in spiritual attitude such as
mushin and
mizu no kokoro) and breathing technique.
1300. The concept of energy flow, meridians and
sichen (twelve hour blood flow cycles) led to vital point striking at specific areas at particular times. Pioneered by Daoist physicians. This was/is the basis for Dim Mak and pressure point exploitation that influenced original jiu jitsu and karate.
1800. Feng Qinian, reputed founder of White Crane, is said to have stated the principles on which her system was based: Moral teachings, breathing and self-discovery, were handed down from ancient times.
1840. Master Wang (Fao Dang?) states physical conditioning must be balanced with philosophical assimilation and introspection.
1850. Bushi Matsumura writes the
Seven Virtues of Bu (MA) which deals with the altruistic goals of MA. He also advocates the concept of "
bunbu ryo do" regarding the relationship between philosophy/culture and MA. Musashi advocated a similar concept two centuries earlier in his
Book of Five Rings.
1850 +/-.
The Eight Precepts of Chuan Fa (gung fu) appears in the Bubishi and includes reference to yin/yang as well as sichen blood flow and man's relationship with the universe.
1900. Higaonna Kanryo, founder of Naha Te and teacher to Miyagi, embraces the above writings.
1900-1930. Itosu and Funakoshi stress TMA for overall personal development, aside from physical benefits.
I think this is enough to justify saying that philosophical and cultural elements played a part in TMA prior to WWII and influenced its development to some extent over the centuries.