Have enjoyed this thread thus far
I'm a karate-do sorta guy, and to me the "dojo" was always symbolic, but represented an inner state more than anything, the building just being a reflection or reminder of that.
Whenever you enter the dojo and leave your shoes at the door, you're leaving behind the world, your past, everything you thought you knew, and are entering a sanctuary to find yourself so to speak. To deepen your practice, self-enquiry, honesty and practicing in order to glimpse something more real. Like willingly engaging in a process of discovery through a "way" (whether that be karate-do, sado etc). I mean some can say it can be through any vehicle, but some probably feel more conducive to it through its intention and its environment.
Can sound a bit vague haha, but I hope you get what I mean
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To me there's a big difference between gym and dojo. I'm sure some use them interchangeably and all good, doesn't matter, I guess it's more how you regard it personally and why you train. The meaning and value you follow in your practice, nothing wrong with any approach, just a different focus.
And that's not to say some can't have both/multiple practices or methods (sport, exercise, spirituality etc), just some environments and practices tend to lend themselves to different emphases.
So to address the original questions:
"If karate is viewed as a purely pragmatic physical activity, is the dojo nothing more than a gym?"
If it is viewed as a purely pragmatic physical activity, then that's all it WILL be for that particular person. To me karate-do was always something more (what drew me to it), and the dojo symbolically represented a place you enter physically to consciously enter yourself.
"Or does the concept of "dojo" lend itself to something more - Karate-do?"
I think it can, and does