I believe there is a style of fighting within the Black community in the U.S. that has changed and evolved over many years that is today referred to by a number of names including Jailhouse Rock and 52 Blocks. It could have ties that go back a long way, but I don't think it's a specific method that was taught systematically from slave times. There are people that a making claims today that I think are mostly BS about it's history and methods, but I do think there is some basic movement style and aesthetic that could have some history going back a number of decades.
Short version: "52" is a way of cataloging and training various boxing and blade techniques with a deck of cards. It specializes in close space technique-like in a jail cell- and ways of weathering a beating-it's essentially "dirty boxing" with some prison knife technique thrown in....sometimes, you might hear a black boxing trainer ( or a trainer who was
trained by a black boxing trainer) shout out numbers calling for combinations from his fighter-those numbers
might come from a form of "52."
"Jailhouse rock," was a catalog of techniques developed in prison by two-time losers that specifically targeted arresting police officers-if a guy was up for the second time, when he got out he might rather kill a cop, or at least evade arrest, than go back to prison. Donny Newsome collected a bunch of these techniques, and was going to publish them in a book with Ohara publications-law enforcement squashed that, and what Donny says about Jailhouse Rock and 52 is largely untrue, and tainted by Afrocentrism. He did do some of the fight choreography on
Lethal Weapon, though, along with Rorion Gracie, and that bit where Gary Busey slips the cuffs at the end and gets the arresting officer's firearm?
THat's "Jailhouse Rock." Most of what I've seen of it required the desperation of a two-time loser, and has been negated by improved arresting techniques over the last 25-30 years....
So it pretty much doesn't exist anymore-"52," though? Street fight boxing, pure and simple, with some
shankin', and a focus on fighting in closed spaces....or fighting
out of them.