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That does not sound logic in terms of power
Ok, try this.
Punch a wall with bare hands.
Now wrap your hands and put on 12-16oz gloves.
In which configuration can you hit harder without pain?
No, it still does not make sense. The glove has padding and the material absorbs a decent part of kinetic energy by transforming it to heat. In addition the velocity of the punch is lowered my the resistance of the material.
There is a simple formula: E=mc2. It means energy at impact is lower when acceleration slows down. That is the case with gloves. The padding decelerates impact speed. Therefore energy at the time of actual impact is a lot lower.
If your explanation were correct, then breaking boards in karate would be much easier wearing gloves compared to doing it bare knuckle.
It comes down to a simple arithmetic exercise.
The risk of concussions isn't bigger with gloves. One hard punch is all that it takes to get a concussion. With gloves and headgear that risk is lowered of course. However, if you do get hit too much gloves and headgear won't help avoiding concussions.
Gloves for board breaking doesn't work because the force, while greater, is spread over a much larger surface area which is easier for the board to support. Look at shelving - industrial stuff has a point load rating, and a far higher evenly distributed load rating.
You can cut the padding so it matches the striking surface. Make them as tiny as the main 2 knuckles area. That way the energy won't be diluted sideways. Try it and you will see the boards won't break just as easy.
Your claim people can punch twice as hard with a glove has no merritt. Statistics of AIBA show there have been a lot more knockouts in amateur boxing in the era before Georg Bruckner discovered polyurethane as a padding for gloves and headgear. I remember my first amateur boxing fights around 1984. We used BERG gloves. No padding except for ross hair that was pulled aside and a bit of stinky leather. Length of bandages was limited to very short wraps. Essentially, it WAS bare knuckle fighting back then. And around half the fights ended with broken noses, busted jaws and classic knockouts. You won't see that anymore, today. I was one of very few guys in my club who escaped hand and arm fractures, but my nose bled a few times.
Peace.