The theory of 'eye for an eye' if taken literally, may not suffice as a deterrent.
My friend, you shot at the right target, but missed it completly. If you don't mind my saying.
The idea of 'eye for an eye' is not meant (in the Enlightened era) to be for emotional satisfaction, but to make the perpertator understand (better) why what he did was wrong. It was meant to be almost a form of education. So, deterrent it is not.
If a rapist is himself raped - one presumes that he won't like it. But he may find it preferable to many years in prison. And how does one apply 'eye for an eye' to a bank robber? Steal his money? Chances are, he hasn't got any. If a man murders your wife - do you get to murder his wife? What did she to to deserve that? And so on.
Ironic Punishment (what 'eye for an eye' became in the Enlightened Era) is not a perfect concept. Rape wasn't really a crime at the time. A modern thinker who held the same concept (like I do) would say that some crimes would come with mental counseling. And rapist are amoung the most likely to re-offend, leading some crimologist to think it may be partly a mental disorder/partly induced by a mental disorder.
A robber who himself had no money would be made to do labor until he could repay bank, and produce the same amount of money. What to do with that money is a sticky problem with differnit people thinking differnit things.
Instances of murder are the easiest. You killed someone, you die also. So, it is not so much a matter of 'he killed my wife (implying the crime was against you), so I can kill his wife'. It is a matter of 'he killed someone, he is going to die'. And returning homicide with death is because the thought is that killers are too dangerous to risk re-offending.
I think that perhaps 'eye for an eye' was not meant to be taken literally, as they used to in the Old Testament and still do in the Koran. Perhaps it is meant to say that the seriousness of the punishment should match the seriousness of the crime.
How so? I've seen statistics that something like 60% of imprisoned crimminals will re-offened within 3 years causing another prison sentence. That (in of itself) tells me the system is brocken. I cann't think of another way to have the gravity of the punishment fit the gravity of the crime.
And in any case, we have to ask ourselves what the ultimate goal of punishment is. One might believe that the ultimate goal of punishing criminals is to keep them from transgressing again. While our existing penal system is woefully incapable of doing that, I am wondering how a man raped in return for his raping a woman would keep him from doing it again, either.
For enlightened era thinkers the purpose of punishment is to make crimminals understand why what they did was wrong. If someone goes out and gets drunk, and then picks fights, throwing him jail for a few years will probably do little do discourage him from doing it again. But, breaking his ribs will probably make him sit back and go 'man, this really hurts. I geuss this is why it's illegal to fight'. OK, this is probably not going to happen, but the effect in the persons subconsious would be essentially the same in many cases. Yes, sometimes counseling, or creative thinking, will be needed (ie, drugs), but as a whole it is a more rational approach to punishment then jail.