Check out the following typically eye-opening and rational, sensible, mystification-free look at early karate and what Itosu was really saying, by Iain Abernethy. It's characteristic of Abernethy's carefulness that he didn't just accept any of the standard translations of Itosu's stylistically rather difficult 1908 letter to the Okinawan school prefecture; he commissioned a new translation by someone who makes a specialty of working with original documents (IA had scans of the actual letter itself supplied to him). First class work, and a really important take on what was going on at the dawn of 'world karate'...