Some CMA & combat thoughts...

Appledog

Green Belt
I've been going through the "Intermediate Yiquan" series recently, it's not that old and I don't recall it being mentioned here before. There are hundreds of 'instructional' Yiquan videos on Thr3treebase's channel, but for the purpose of this post you can start here; and by the time you get to episode 8 you will be about where I am right now.


The interesting thing about Yiquan, is that it is part of the xin wushu movement, without being part of what was named xin wushu. I make that statement from my perspective after listening critically to what tree had to say. The most insightful part of what he had to say, for me, was the expose on what Wang Xiangzhai is not commonly known to have said (but what was well-known among his students). And the most salient point for me was the mention of "The Malady of the state of Zhou".

The reason why Yiquan, and really, Wang Xiangzhai's thinking was so important, is because it seeked a solution to what threetrees calls 'the ratio problem'. This is why I call it akin to the xin wushu movement. I'm not referring to modern wushu, which even forty years ago, even Wu Bin admitted was a comparative failure. But the interesting thing is that despite being completely aware of the malady of Zhou -- being completely aware of x, y and z, threetree (speaking truth from Wang Xiangzhai, I speculate,) goes ahead and says the same thing twice but flipping the logic. For example, on one hand he points out how mindless repetition is a bad idea and brings up the "95%, 5%" rule. But then he goes on to promote the idea of training and of holding postures for up to 40 minutes or longer. He brings up the aforementioned state of Zhou, but seems unaware that Sun Tzu essentially wrote the Art of War as a study of the failure of Zhou, as a document of Wu De -- and that it was classically understood as a failure of "Chong Shang Wu De" among the leaders of Zhou. All of this is in the background as thr3treebase explains that Wang Xiangzhai detested the sifu-tudi relationship and the idea of lineage itself.

I think about 50% of what he said is unique enough and important enough that these videos are worth watching, with the caveat that he often rug-pulls what he says by re-explaining it and flipping the script. For example, he says he will not do anything as plebian as teaching yiquan, in fact that such a thing is impossible, and then he goes on to teach yiquan -- justifying the disconnected logic of this by saying he isn't teaching, or even demonstrating, but saving people time by sharing the good and criticizing the bad. I do understand and get what he is trying to say, in a way -- and he does allude to this by mentioning that one of Wang Xiangzhai's driving ideas was the contradiction of the physicality of the old three fists with the boundless directional force ability of hunyuan strength. However, through the discussion three-tea weaves, two things become immediately apparent.

One, is that it is highly likely that Wang Xiangzhai himself did not know what the "old three fists" were -- he likely heard the term and lamented -- rightly so, but as many others before him did, that martial arts had devolved into a large number of flowery movements. According to the information in the videos, this is something Wang admitted to in essence by changing what he taught the three fists meant over time. This isn't a criticism of Wang Xiangzhai. It is praising his courage to finally stand up and do something about it "before it is too late"; (since he knew, but he didn't) and this is where many of his ideas of formlessness do seem to come from.

One of the most interesting points of the whole series so far is to point out that it is entirely possible that those who "got it" had teachers who didn't "get it". As such, I feel more confident in my conclusion that the grand idea thr3treebase is going for here is a dead end. What he, and clearly Wang Xiangzhai failed to understand, is that the end goal, which we may here call Yiquan, really is, and without doubt, the end result of the traditional (ex. "low road") training pattern. The entire point of the low road training pattern is to use your mind. The idea that it is not is a failure to understand the original, "low road" training method. "High Road" training methods -- according to Wang Xiangzhai(!) -- like Taijiquan, Baguazhang, and Xingyiquan -- are higher because of their use of Yi. And yet he relentlessly criticized them because they failed to produce results on a grand scale. Meaning, despite the fact they were high roads, they were abject failures and dead stones because they were no better than the traditional method.

And thus the grand experiment of Yiquan was launched. And what is the result, one hundred years later? Can we say Yiquan was successful in the eyes of Wang Xiangzhai? No, we cannot. If you say that Yiquan people can fight, you are correct -- but who is a Yiquan person? Thr3 himself points out that there have arisen many failed and cult-like schools of Yiquan and today there are many false teachers of Yiquan, even, those only for profit who do not really know Yiquan. Thus we can say, "the pot has called the kettle black". Yes, Wang Xiangzhai took a step in the correct direction, and for this his genius will forever be praised. But in that other steps need to be taken, if we are as critical of Yiquan as Wang himself was of the low road methods, we may say that it was merely a step to the side, and not necessarily a step forward. However, often times, this change of perspective, this new thinking, can unlock new developments and new ideas -- and this is a point Thr3tree himself makes, even underscoring it with a Richard Feynman clip! And thus, we come to realize the true genius of Wang Xiangzhai, even as we realize he ultimately failed.

The true step forward is pure Yi, without the Quan -- the teaching of Wu De. Chong Shang Wu De. Only based on this can everyone succeed, because it will kill the evil of dishonesty, it will kill the failure of disloyalty, and it will kill the failure of all the other virtues being missing. In truth, there has in fact been a progressive loss in the martial arts community -- one entirely of Wu De, and nothing else. All of the forms have been preserved. But we remain to point out the obvious-- is your mind in the movements? And if not, where is your mind? If you discover it is in the wrong place, then Chong Shang Wu De will help you to restore it. Otherwise, killing one hand to save the other might just be like killing the golden goose!
 
Black on white, that you just canā€™t learn Yiquan online.
Not that anyone said you could, of course.

Since you studied Yiquan, what do you think of Thr3treebase's exposition? I'm guessing you are the one who is able to comment on how it compares with traditional Yiquan.
 
Not that anyone said you could, of course.

Since you studied Yiquan, what do you think of Thr3treebase's exposition? I'm guessing you are the one who is able to comment on how it compares with traditional Yiquan.
Same Trick said:
Black on white, that you just canā€™t learn Yiquan online.



I cant see the video, but the video seem come somewhat secondhand in your OP with all that text of yours so itā€™s the text Iā€™m going at.

You write you are going through the ā€œintermediate Yiquanā€, if that is not about instructional then in what context does the ā€œintermediateā€ refer to, intermediate level on theorizing about Wang Xiangzhai and his way?

Now, Iā€™m not very good at theorizing so I will not do that here , but I can say that through wang xiangzhaiā€™s texts and interviews of him from the 1920ā€™ and forward the change of words he use to describe things should not be confused as that trough the years heā€™s not clear on what the true martial way is,
If one truly study Yiquan one will understand that quite clear.


Do you have a name on the person behind Treetreebase ?
 
Same Trick said:
Black on white, that you just canā€™t learn Yiquan online.



I cant see the video, but the video seem come somewhat secondhand in your OP with all that text of yours so itā€™s the text Iā€™m going at.

You write you are going through the ā€œintermediate Yiquanā€, if that is not about instructional then in what context does the ā€œintermediateā€ refer to, intermediate level on theorizing about Wang Xiangzhai and his way?

I found this admission to be stunning. You didn't watch the video and you assumed I was trying to learn Yiquan online. Well, at least you're honest :)

Now, Iā€™m not very good at theorizing so I will not do that here , but I can say that through wang xiangzhaiā€™s texts and interviews of him from the 1920ā€™ and forward the change of words he use to describe things should not be confused as that trough the years heā€™s not clear on what the true martial way is,
If one truly study Yiquan one will understand that quite clear.

Do you have a name on the person behind Treetreebase ?
No, I am not sure who he is, but I'd like to meet him.

As for the true martial way, I don't think Wang Xiangzhai ever really found it. He was a terrible teacher and many of his students failed to accomplish what he wanted of them, much to his annoyance. It was one of his major complaints that most of his students began to revert to the hypocritical traits of martial arts orthodoxy (as he defined it). I'm not saying he was against orthodoxy per-se, but he recognized that many players in that sphere had become hypocritical in their approach.

It's interesting that from your background you say that you can't learn yiquan online, and from my background I say you can. I think there's certain basic assumptions that are different here. I don't think you can learn online -- I think you have to learn in real life -- but I think that you can learn the principles online, and that can go a very long way to making the conceptual leap Wang made, upon the basis of traditional training. Anyways in general I don't think people could do that anyways because they have severed roots from traditional training in the first place.
 
Yiquan is easy to learn, but no you canā€™t get it,online. Not only the correct spectrum of visualizations methods you also got to get hands on teaching from the teacher of true linage

The way you write about this topic shows you are fabulating up your own story about it and so in an extreme ā€œas a matter of factlyā€ way despite you not even having a slightest clue about it.
No wonder, you are following video series online on the topic of Yiquan in where youā€™re at an intermediate level, what that even means? ā€¦ a video series you say you have no clue about who the presenter is, not even a real nameā€¦ā€¦
 
Yiquan is easy to learn, but no you canā€™t get it,online. Not only the correct spectrum of visualizations methods you also got to get hands on teaching from the teacher of true linage

The way you write about this topic shows you are fabulating up your own story about it and so in an extreme ā€œas a matter of factlyā€ way despite you not even having a slightest clue about it.
No wonder, you are following video series online on the topic of Yiquan in where youā€™re at an intermediate level, what that even means? ā€¦ a video series you say you have no clue about who the presenter is, not even a real nameā€¦ā€¦
What you said is interesting but it is strange that most of what you say about Yiquan goes against what Wang Xiangzhai is known to have said. For example your notions over correct lineage, or a correct spectrum of visualizations is quite interesting. Wang Xiangzhai frequently said there is no fixed method in Yiquan, and he despised the ways in which lineage was used to control information. That is a fact, and we know it because Wang Xiangzhai said it and he's the one who defined what this all is in the first place. Not because you claimed something was "black and white" and we have to uphold you as an authority. So if your best criticism of me is that I speak matter of factly why do you speak so matter of factly yourself?

As for me being intermediate level or not having the slightest clue about this, or anything... well, what's wrong with that? You're no better than "intermediate" yourself, whatever that means. Or are you claiming to be some sort of Yiquan master?
 
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If one were to attempt to learn some aspects of Yiquan outside of class, and didn't mind books, one could look into these two resources:

Yiquan Beginner's Guide by Lau, JP (you could probably find a free PDF online)
Yiquan 360 by Ling Seto

Naturally, there are the books by Jan Diepersloot.
Thanks. I bought a book called "Yiquan" by C. S. Tang and I also read Lam Kam-Chuen's works (ex. "The Way of Energy"). Frankly, I am not interested in learning Yiquan as a distinct system, but I am interested in the personality of Wang Xiangzhai -- as a martial arts master, his writings and experiences, and so forth.

Yiquan itself is fascinating but at the current state I'm in I recognize I don't have the time to start learning a second martial art. In that sense, I look upon Yiquan as a value-added philosophy from Wang Xiangzhai which can be applied to any martial art. But of course, it's more useful applied to some martial arts than others.
 
What you said is interesting but it is strange that most of what you say about Yiquan goes against what Wang Xiangzhai is known to have said. For example your notions over correct lineage, or a correct spectrum of visualizations is quite interesting. Wang Xiangzhai frequently said there is no fixed method in Yiquan, and he despised the ways in which lineage was used to control information. That is a fact, and we know it because Wang Xiangzhai said it and he's the one who defined what this all is in the first place. Not because you claimed something was "black and white" and we have to uphold you as an authority. So if your best criticism of me is that I speak matter of factly why do you speak so matter of factly yourself?

As for me being intermediate level or not having the slightest clue about this, or anything... well, what's wrong with that? You're no better than "intermediate" yourself, whatever that means. Or are you claiming to be some sort of Yiquan master?
After Wang Xiangzhaiā€™s death charlatans have tried to make a name for themselves as experts on matters of Yiquan.
If one wish to study Yiquan one do best to chose a teacher with a clear verifiable disciple linage back to Wang Xiangzhai then one is safe from any charlatanism ,
About the specific teaching method - The spectrum of visualization methods are there to make it easier for the student to grasp the method, itā€™s a sound methodology in favor for the practitioner.
In order to speak about Yiquan theory and theorizing about Yiquan one should have some true practical insight of Yiquan.
To understand this simple logic does not require expertise or mastery, the logic is neither a voice of authority.


I wrote ā€œblack on whiteā€ - referring to ink on paper, black text on white background- your text
 
How can "philosophy" be able to help CMA "combat" (your thread title)?
The meaning is training philosophy, the approach to the training, and the content of the training. Wang Xiangzhai advocated certain kinds of training and thought and disregarded others. I find his choices interesting and there seems to be evidence that they are valuable. His goal was to solve the ratio problem, the percentage of people who went through traditional training yet couldn't really fight.

So actually it directly applies to increasing the combat ability, at least, that is the intention :)
 
The meaning is training philosophy, the approach to the training, and the content of the training. Wang Xiangzhai advocated certain kinds of training and thought and disregarded others. I find his choices interesting and there seems to be evidence that they are valuable. His goal was to solve the ratio problem, the percentage of people who went through traditional training yet couldn't really fight.

So actually it directly applies to increasing the combat ability, at least, that is the intention :)
Training is easy.
First Train - Then Spar - Then repeat the process.

Better Training:
First Train - Then Spar System A vs System B - Then repeat the process.

Until this happens there is no "combat." There is no effective fighter.
 
The meaning is training philosophy, the approach to the training, and the content of the training. Wang Xiangzhai advocated certain kinds of training and thought and disregarded others...

So actually it directly applies to increasing the combat ability, at least, that is the intention :)
Zhao Daoxin was a student of Zhang Zhaodong, one of the most capable Xing Yi Quan fighters of the early 20th century and Wang Xiangzhai, the founder of Yiquan, one of the only "Internal" martial arts experts with a verifiable fighting record. Zhao was only 20 at the time and at the beginning of his martial arts career, yet managed to achieve 13th place in the 1929 Hangzhou Lei Tai tournament.

Some excerpts from Zhao Daoxinā€™s interview with commentary by Phillip Starrā€¦

Zhao:
People from traditional styles say that modern wushu (martial arts) from the national institutes is just "flowery forms" but that doesn't mean that the traditional practitioners themselves possess true "gongfu." The wushu from the national institutes neglects the fighting aspects of martial arts, while traditional wushu practitioners only talk about fighting. That doesn't mean that they have any real fighting skill.

Traditional wushu, as it's taught nowadays, is just like contemporary wushu...it's mainly about training forms. Moreover, there are many symbolic or ritualistic gestures, which have nothing to do with fighting.

Looking at it from the point of view of training, these schools still use old methods that are not very effective. In theory, training routines should develop practical fighting skills but, in fact, they're more like methods of meditating or developing patience. It's just so much useless effort.

I don't know how many dozens of thousands of people practice traditional martial arts in China but I doubt that there any very many (if any) who could prove their worth on the international fighting stage.

Phillip Starr Commentary:
Sound familiar? It should. I often speak against calling contemporary wushu a true martial art. It's really just a martial performance, which has no practical fighting value. However, the vast majority of current "traditional" kung-fu schools are no better; they practice forms and very little else. The few additional training routines that they utilize are not very efficient in so far as developing real fighting skill is concerned.

The "symbolic and ritualistic gestures" to which he refers, are found in many schools of kung-fu. They often involve waving the arms about and moving into very nice-looking stances but they have virtually nothing to do with fighting; there is no practical application for them. Oftentimes, they are/were used to identify the style from which a given form is derived.

Clearly, Zhao is unimpressed with the quality of both contemporary and traditional martial arts as they are being taught in China (remember that this interview took place in the 1980's).

Zhao:
If we want Chinese martial arts to develop, we need to reject divisions. I'm not saying that such divisions are meaningless but they only partially describe the differences between styles and say nothing about their methods of fighting.

Divisions in martial arts should be based on their methods of fighting rather than their methods of practice. And they shouldn't be trying to fool people. They should express the movements of the human body and the development of real technique - not sect-like customs that have been nourished for hundreds or even thousands of years.

The divisions for Shao-lin, Wudang, Emei, and Zhongnan arts is only expressing the fact that communication was difficult in the old times. But that time is past. The internal-external division was made up by literati who were fascinated by the style that they practiced. They started calling their arts "internal family arts"; skillful writers creating flowery descriptions! The truth is that no one would say that he was representative of an external family art (because such styles did not exist). In fighting, there are no "styles.

Phillip Starr Commentary:
Zhao emphasizes the need to drop the idea of "internal" and "external" labels and focus instead of how each style approaches the subject training and fighting. He's obviously unimpressed with Sun-Lutang's coinage of the term, "internal family arts." Sun coined this term back in the 1930's. Prior to that time, the internal and so-called "external" styles never referred to themselves as such.

Zhao:
This division is even more muddled. Some use it just to criticize other schools. When they talk about their own school they stress that soft and hard supplement each other; that internal and external are trained together. They maintain that they're the only ones who keep a proper balance between soft and hard, while others tend too much towards one or the other.

Phillip Starr Commentary:
Here, Zhao states that the so-called division between "hard and soft styles" is very muddled. The so-called "soft" schools often like to criticize the "hard" schools and vice-versa. Actually, the two should be trained together harmoniously but, according to Zhao, most teachers tend to lean too far towards one or the other.

Zhao:
Yi-qi-li and jing-qi-shen (intention, qi, and strength, and the concept of sexual essence turning to qi and then turning to spirit- this is an old Daoist idea)...those concepts, as related to internal training, are difficult to express in normal language. We could say that it is about using self-suggestion to induce feelings of comfort and strength. Nowadays there are new ideas that are at least as effective as these old ones, and they are more efficient for practical use.

Phillip Starr Commentary:
It's true that the old Daoist training methods that were adopted by the so-called "internal" schools are difficult to express in normal language and many of the principles of these ancient concepts are couched in mysterious, hard-to-understand verbiage. Some teachers have modernized these ancient training routines, using terms and concepts that are more easily understood and more applicable to the martial aspects of martial arts (that's a nice way of saying that they're more easily applicable to fighting).

Zhao:
There are a lot of shortcomings and taboos. Apart from those that are common for all (Chinese) martial arts, there are others that are style-specific. For example, everyone fears that their style will resemble some other style, so they try hard to make it look different. If you tell a baguazhang practitioner that his movements resemble taijiquan, he will hardly accept your opinion. If you tell some xingyiquan practitioner that you see some similarities between his art and western boxing, he'll feel bad about it.

Actually, the differences between styles are more in ritual gestures than in their way of fighting. These gestures are useful only for demonstrations; in fighting they are useless and stupid.

There is also the taboo against falling down. In challenge matches there was an unwritten rule that touching the ground with any part of the body other the feet meant defeat. So, in the south they stress the "ma" (horse-riding stance), and in the north they practice "zhuang" (stake standing).

In many styles, long, low postures and a centered torso are emphasized but what is the real value of these stable forms? There is a principle that says, "When the leg is raised, the body is half empty." Following this advice results in losing the opportunity of efficient kicks and striking with the knee! What is rejected in Chinese martial arts is exactly what is most valuable on the international martial arts stage (of fighting competition).

Traditional Chinese martial arts seem like old man arts. Old is seen as being equal to a saint who has great authority and deep knowledge. But for old men it's hard to raise a leg to kick and falling down can be dangerous. So this weakness becomes the taboo of not risking one's balance.

Phillip Starr Commentary:
It's very true that everyone wants the style that he or she practices to be separate from all others and bear certain hallmarks that no one else uses. Zhao chides the old teachers who don't want to admit that they can no longer perform as they did when they were younger, and who subsequently make up stories about why techniques such as kicking are dangerous and shouldn't be used. In studying his remarks, I think he is laying a lot of the blame for the deterioration of kung-fu squarely in the laps of the oldsters who will not teach the truth and who emphasize following tradition over and above studying martial arts.

Zhao:
Next is the discrepancy between fatigue and the intensity of training. Traditional teachers talk about practicing many hours a day but this is just long-time training of low intensity. The muscles and nervous system are not activated in the way that is necessary for fighting. Those teachers hate using modern training devices and routines and will not ask that students train together. They prefer to hide in a dark place, repeating the same movements over and over, and pondering theory.

Then there is also the discrepancy between theory and practice, between physical technique and physical attributes, and between what is practiced in public and what is done behind closed doors. These are only some examples."

Phillip Starr Commentary:
Yes, I have had students tell me that they practice several hours each day but the fact is if they did such a thing, they'd quickly pass out from exhaustion...if they're training correctly. If they practice just low-intensity stuff, they can go on for a long time but such training will not beget fighting skill.

Many old-time teachers refuse to look at improving or changing training routines. In kung-fu, students spent the majority of their time practicing alone; they didn't practice fighting drills at all. Zhao strongly disagrees with this form of training. I think that he is mainly ranting about the old teachers who claim to possess great knowledge and fighting skill but who, in reality, just sit in a chair while they watch class and do nothing...they like to talk about fighting and get into intellectual discussions but they themselves no longer train as they should.

Zhao:
'Laypeople,' who know nothing about martial arts, are unbiased and their first impressions can be very accurate. Taijiquan has its own form of comparing skill - tuishou (push-hands). Why should we not be happy with using this is a measure of skill? Is every martial art good for real fighting?

I remember back during the days of the Republic (prior to the communist takeover in 1949) that taijiquan experts would say that they could not prove their fighting skill at leitei tournaments because taijiquan is too profound (and dangerous) and it's very difficult to master. Was this some kind of weak excuse or was it a sincere statement?

Taijiquan theory looks great and could serve as a model for other classical martial arts theories. The main idea is the relationship between yin and yang. You want to achieve real hardness? Start from becoming as soft as possible, because great softness ultimately changes into hardness. Do you want to be fast? Then start from slowness.

This philosophy that says that when a particular attribute reaches its extreme, it becomes its opposite...is attracting many people. But has anyone tested this idea to see if it's true? No.

But if you could see what the real taijiquan masters - those who can issue real power - are practicing in secret, you will understand.

Phillip Starr Commentary:
Zhao is obviously disgusted with taijiquan "experts" who refused to compete in the old leitei tournaments because they considered their art too lethal (by the way, Bruce Lee likewise refused to compete in American tournaments because he felt that he was "too dangerous"...). Obviously, he is impressed with taiji theory but thinks that people need to test it and develop effective training routines that will develop genuine fighting skill.

He ends this segment by stating that the true taiji fighters practice in secret and this is why no one is able to learn the real art. Those who wish to develop real skill must get behind these "closed doors."
Huang:

So, you say that those young people who want to develop fighting skills are, in some part, misled by taijiquan concepts. If this is true, then maybe Shao-lin is more truthful? They stress hard, fast, fierce, and the use of both upper and lower body. People think that Shao-lin monks are the last "kings" of real fighting.

Zhao:
And there is a lack of harmony between form and intention. Everyone talks about form and intention being important but actually, they tend to go towards one extreme or the other. There is also a lack of harmony between fighting exercises and methods (tactics).

People like to compare xingyiquan to western boxing but theyā€™re also afraid of doing so. They want this Chinese ā€œthingā€ to be pure. So, when there is even a small similarity they prefer to get rid of it. I think, as far as training methods and competition goes, that xingyiquan should learn from boxing.

Phillip Starr Commentary:
Zhao states (and rightly so) that most people who stress the importance of harmony between form and intention actually tend to sway further towards one of these aspects than the other. Thus, their teaching methods are unbalanced and students cannot learn how to harmonize form and intention because their teachers donā€™t do it

He complains about a lack of harmony between fighting exercises and tactics. That is, the exercises that are practiced primarily for the purpose of developing skill are not in harmony with the actual tactics that xingyi emphasizes. So, the exercises become useless. In a way, he is saying that you must train in the same way that you will fight.

As far as his statements about learning from boxing, look again at what he says...xingyiquan should learn from the training methods used in boxing and from the methods that they employ in competition (probably referring to rules). Boxers train as they will fight and they train with great intensity. Modern xingyiquan stylists tend to practice only their basic postures and forms without regard for how they are applied freely in fighting.
 
good post šŸ‘



Phillip Starr haven't heard his name in a long while..
Did some competition in one of his events, when he the National Chairman for the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) Chinese Martial Arts Division sometime in the 90s...

Actually, the differences between styles are more in ritual gestures than in their way of fighting. These gestures are useful only for demonstrations; in fighting they are useless and stupid.

Don't quite agree with this... Although with short arm and long systems, there are a lot commonalities based on the ranges they function in...I'd say there are signature movements or strategies associated with different styles..Some based on requirements no longer valid.. others functionalities of how the theory the style is based on is put to use.
Boxers train as they will fight and they train with great intensity. Modern xingyiquan stylists tend to practice only their basic postures and forms without regard for how they are applied freely in fighting.

šŸ‘ was said in the 70s, of most CMA styles, ..
 
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Training is easy.
First Train - Then Spar - Then repeat the process.

Better Training:
First Train - Then Spar System A vs System B - Then repeat the process.

Until this happens there is no "combat." There is no effective fighter.
That's exactly my question. Where does "philosophy" apply when you land a punch on your opponent's face?

fist_meets_face.webp
 
Mr. Wang, I think you said that before. It's out of context here :)

Mr. Marvin8, truly a great post. However it underscores the fundamental problem with Yiquan. Despite the undeniable truth of what was said, Yiquan turns around and requires the students to not train how they will fight. but in essence to repeat the traditional training process, and stand for long periods of time in low intensity postures. Later on you progress to shi li, which they insist is not qigong. The whole thing seems a bit suspicious. What is most interesting is that he points out what "real taiji masters do in secret" without telling us what it is. Well, if it's Yiquan (for lack of a better word) it wouldn't be too far off from what those selfsame taiji masters wrote about in their books, so it wouldn't be so surprising except for that people who teach don't seem to mention it very much.

Anyways these are all interesting koans. You still need to go through the traditional process to know if you have come to the right conclusions. So it's useful, but also, not as useful or important as some would suggest. And yet it remains the most useful and current topic in CMA today. And yet not. Sheesh, I'm getting dizzy, I could have just sworn windwalker liked a post pointing out that push hands was the sole demarcation of testing combat ability in tai chi.
 
Zhao Daoxin was a student of Zhang Zhaodong, one of the most capable Xing Yi Quan fighters of the early 20th century and Wang Xiangzhai, the founder of Yiquan, one of the only "Internal" martial arts experts with a verifiable fighting record. Zhao was only 20 at the time and at the beginning of his martial arts career, yet managed to achieve 13th place in the 1929 Hangzhou Lei Tai tournament.

Some excerpts from Zhao Daoxinā€™s interview with commentary by Phillip Starrā€¦

Zhao:
People from traditional styles say that modern wushu (martial arts) from the national institutes is just "flowery forms" but that doesn't mean that the traditional practitioners themselves possess true "gongfu." The wushu from the national institutes neglects the fighting aspects of martial arts, while traditional wushu practitioners only talk about fighting. That doesn't mean that they have any real fighting skill.

Traditional wushu, as it's taught nowadays, is just like contemporary wushu...it's mainly about training forms. Moreover, there are many symbolic or ritualistic gestures, which have nothing to do with fighting.

Looking at it from the point of view of training, these schools still use old methods that are not very effective. In theory, training routines should develop practical fighting skills but, in fact, they're more like methods of meditating or developing patience. It's just so much useless effort.

I don't know how many dozens of thousands of people practice traditional martial arts in China but I doubt that there any very many (if any) who could prove their worth on the international fighting stage.

Phillip Starr Commentary:
Sound familiar? It should. I often speak against calling contemporary wushu a true martial art. It's really just a martial performance, which has no practical fighting value. However, the vast majority of current "traditional" kung-fu schools are no better; they practice forms and very little else. The few additional training routines that they utilize are not very efficient in so far as developing real fighting skill is concerned.

The "symbolic and ritualistic gestures" to which he refers, are found in many schools of kung-fu. They often involve waving the arms about and moving into very nice-looking stances but they have virtually nothing to do with fighting; there is no practical application for them. Oftentimes, they are/were used to identify the style from which a given form is derived.

Clearly, Zhao is unimpressed with the quality of both contemporary and traditional martial arts as they are being taught in China (remember that this interview took place in the 1980's).

Zhao:
If we want Chinese martial arts to develop, we need to reject divisions. I'm not saying that such divisions are meaningless but they only partially describe the differences between styles and say nothing about their methods of fighting.

Divisions in martial arts should be based on their methods of fighting rather than their methods of practice. And they shouldn't be trying to fool people. They should express the movements of the human body and the development of real technique - not sect-like customs that have been nourished for hundreds or even thousands of years.

The divisions for Shao-lin, Wudang, Emei, and Zhongnan arts is only expressing the fact that communication was difficult in the old times. But that time is past. The internal-external division was made up by literati who were fascinated by the style that they practiced. They started calling their arts "internal family arts"; skillful writers creating flowery descriptions! The truth is that no one would say that he was representative of an external family art (because such styles did not exist). In fighting, there are no "styles.

Phillip Starr Commentary:
Zhao emphasizes the need to drop the idea of "internal" and "external" labels and focus instead of how each style approaches the subject training and fighting. He's obviously unimpressed with Sun-Lutang's coinage of the term, "internal family arts." Sun coined this term back in the 1930's. Prior to that time, the internal and so-called "external" styles never referred to themselves as such.

Zhao:
This division is even more muddled. Some use it just to criticize other schools. When they talk about their own school they stress that soft and hard supplement each other; that internal and external are trained together. They maintain that they're the only ones who keep a proper balance between soft and hard, while others tend too much towards one or the other.

Phillip Starr Commentary:
Here, Zhao states that the so-called division between "hard and soft styles" is very muddled. The so-called "soft" schools often like to criticize the "hard" schools and vice-versa. Actually, the two should be trained together harmoniously but, according to Zhao, most teachers tend to lean too far towards one or the other.

Zhao:
Yi-qi-li and jing-qi-shen (intention, qi, and strength, and the concept of sexual essence turning to qi and then turning to spirit- this is an old Daoist idea)...those concepts, as related to internal training, are difficult to express in normal language. We could say that it is about using self-suggestion to induce feelings of comfort and strength. Nowadays there are new ideas that are at least as effective as these old ones, and they are more efficient for practical use.

Phillip Starr Commentary:
It's true that the old Daoist training methods that were adopted by the so-called "internal" schools are difficult to express in normal language and many of the principles of these ancient concepts are couched in mysterious, hard-to-understand verbiage. Some teachers have modernized these ancient training routines, using terms and concepts that are more easily understood and more applicable to the martial aspects of martial arts (that's a nice way of saying that they're more easily applicable to fighting).

Zhao:
There are a lot of shortcomings and taboos. Apart from those that are common for all (Chinese) martial arts, there are others that are style-specific. For example, everyone fears that their style will resemble some other style, so they try hard to make it look different. If you tell a baguazhang practitioner that his movements resemble taijiquan, he will hardly accept your opinion. If you tell some xingyiquan practitioner that you see some similarities between his art and western boxing, he'll feel bad about it.

Actually, the differences between styles are more in ritual gestures than in their way of fighting. These gestures are useful only for demonstrations; in fighting they are useless and stupid.

There is also the taboo against falling down. In challenge matches there was an unwritten rule that touching the ground with any part of the body other the feet meant defeat. So, in the south they stress the "ma" (horse-riding stance), and in the north they practice "zhuang" (stake standing).

In many styles, long, low postures and a centered torso are emphasized but what is the real value of these stable forms? There is a principle that says, "When the leg is raised, the body is half empty." Following this advice results in losing the opportunity of efficient kicks and striking with the knee! What is rejected in Chinese martial arts is exactly what is most valuable on the international martial arts stage (of fighting competition).

Traditional Chinese martial arts seem like old man arts. Old is seen as being equal to a saint who has great authority and deep knowledge. But for old men it's hard to raise a leg to kick and falling down can be dangerous. So this weakness becomes the taboo of not risking one's balance.

Phillip Starr Commentary:
It's very true that everyone wants the style that he or she practices to be separate from all others and bear certain hallmarks that no one else uses. Zhao chides the old teachers who don't want to admit that they can no longer perform as they did when they were younger, and who subsequently make up stories about why techniques such as kicking are dangerous and shouldn't be used. In studying his remarks, I think he is laying a lot of the blame for the deterioration of kung-fu squarely in the laps of the oldsters who will not teach the truth and who emphasize following tradition over and above studying martial arts.

Zhao:
Next is the discrepancy between fatigue and the intensity of training. Traditional teachers talk about practicing many hours a day but this is just long-time training of low intensity. The muscles and nervous system are not activated in the way that is necessary for fighting. Those teachers hate using modern training devices and routines and will not ask that students train together. They prefer to hide in a dark place, repeating the same movements over and over, and pondering theory.

Then there is also the discrepancy between theory and practice, between physical technique and physical attributes, and between what is practiced in public and what is done behind closed doors. These are only some examples."

Phillip Starr Commentary:
Yes, I have had students tell me that they practice several hours each day but the fact is if they did such a thing, they'd quickly pass out from exhaustion...if they're training correctly. If they practice just low-intensity stuff, they can go on for a long time but such training will not beget fighting skill.

Many old-time teachers refuse to look at improving or changing training routines. In kung-fu, students spent the majority of their time practicing alone; they didn't practice fighting drills at all. Zhao strongly disagrees with this form of training. I think that he is mainly ranting about the old teachers who claim to possess great knowledge and fighting skill but who, in reality, just sit in a chair while they watch class and do nothing...they like to talk about fighting and get into intellectual discussions but they themselves no longer train as they should.

Zhao:
'Laypeople,' who know nothing about martial arts, are unbiased and their first impressions can be very accurate. Taijiquan has its own form of comparing skill - tuishou (push-hands). Why should we not be happy with using this is a measure of skill? Is every martial art good for real fighting?

I remember back during the days of the Republic (prior to the communist takeover in 1949) that taijiquan experts would say that they could not prove their fighting skill at leitei tournaments because taijiquan is too profound (and dangerous) and it's very difficult to master. Was this some kind of weak excuse or was it a sincere statement?

Taijiquan theory looks great and could serve as a model for other classical martial arts theories. The main idea is the relationship between yin and yang. You want to achieve real hardness? Start from becoming as soft as possible, because great softness ultimately changes into hardness. Do you want to be fast? Then start from slowness.

This philosophy that says that when a particular attribute reaches its extreme, it becomes its opposite...is attracting many people. But has anyone tested this idea to see if it's true? No.

But if you could see what the real taijiquan masters - those who can issue real power - are practicing in secret, you will understand.

Phillip Starr Commentary:
Zhao is obviously disgusted with taijiquan "experts" who refused to compete in the old leitei tournaments because they considered their art too lethal (by the way, Bruce Lee likewise refused to compete in American tournaments because he felt that he was "too dangerous"...). Obviously, he is impressed with taiji theory but thinks that people need to test it and develop effective training routines that will develop genuine fighting skill.

He ends this segment by stating that the true taiji fighters practice in secret and this is why no one is able to learn the real art. Those who wish to develop real skill must get behind these "closed doors."
Huang:

So, you say that those young people who want to develop fighting skills are, in some part, misled by taijiquan concepts. If this is true, then maybe Shao-lin is more truthful? They stress hard, fast, fierce, and the use of both upper and lower body. People think that Shao-lin monks are the last "kings" of real fighting.

Zhao:
And there is a lack of harmony between form and intention. Everyone talks about form and intention being important but actually, they tend to go towards one extreme or the other. There is also a lack of harmony between fighting exercises and methods (tactics).

People like to compare xingyiquan to western boxing but theyā€™re also afraid of doing so. They want this Chinese ā€œthingā€ to be pure. So, when there is even a small similarity they prefer to get rid of it. I think, as far as training methods and competition goes, that xingyiquan should learn from boxing.

Phillip Starr Commentary:
Zhao states (and rightly so) that most people who stress the importance of harmony between form and intention actually tend to sway further towards one of these aspects than the other. Thus, their teaching methods are unbalanced and students cannot learn how to harmonize form and intention because their teachers donā€™t do it

He complains about a lack of harmony between fighting exercises and tactics. That is, the exercises that are practiced primarily for the purpose of developing skill are not in harmony with the actual tactics that xingyi emphasizes. So, the exercises become useless. In a way, he is saying that you must train in the same way that you will fight.

As far as his statements about learning from boxing, look again at what he says...xingyiquan should learn from the training methods used in boxing and from the methods that they employ in competition (probably referring to rules). Boxers train as they will fight and they train with great intensity. Modern xingyiquan stylists tend to practice only their basic postures and forms without regard for how they are applied freely in fighting.
This is good stuff, and mostly true. There are some vast generalizations that I think erode some of the credibility of the speakers. There are some folks who train hard for 2-3 hours a day, several times a week, spar, integrate new material to their practice, train in groups, have teachers that are fit, teachers that have fought, teachers that train alongside their students, and learn application over forms. Our style is mostly southern, we use deep horse for training, we use kicks, we use western boxing, we use both hard and soft training and application. That said, my Sigung said, ā€œ if you see 1 million Chinese doing Tai Chi Chuan in Tiananmen Square, 999,999 of them arenā€™t doing a goddamned thingā€. Zhao wasnā€™t alone in his opinion of ā€œthe classical messā€.
 
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